Editing Adaugare Disk

== Adaugare disk live in Ubuntu 2X.04 LTS ==

Cu serverul pornit verificam care sunt disk-urile atasate si ce partitii sunt prezente:

<code class="mw-code mw-highlight plainlinks" style="display:block"><!--
--># lsblk
NAME                      MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
......
sda                         8:0    0    20G  0 disk
├─sda1                      8:1    0     1M  0 part
├─sda2                      8:2    0   1.8G  0 part /boot
└─sda3                      8:3    0  18.2G  0 part
&#32; └─ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 253:0    0  18.2G  0 lvm  /
......
</code>

=== Adaugare HDD ===

Procedam la introducerea noului disk virtual in hypervisor (ex Proxmox VM):

<gallery>
File:Pve01.png
File:Pve02.png
File:Pve03b.png
</gallery>

Fara a restarta masina virtuala si fara a fi nevoie de rescanarea interfetelor scsi, noul disk apare in OS:

<code class="mw-code mw-highlight plainlinks" style="display:block"><!--
--># lsblk
NAME                      MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
......
sda                         8:0    0    20G  0 disk
├─sda1                      8:1    0     1M  0 part
├─sda2                      8:2    0   1.8G  0 part /boot
└─sda3                      8:3    0  18.2G  0 part
&#32; └─ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 253:0    0  18.2G  0 lvm  /
'''sdb                         8:16   0    10G  0 disk'''
......
</code>

==== Partitionare si Formatare cu fisk====

Pentru partitionarea si formatarea sdb vom folosi in ceea ce urmeaza utilitarul fDisk. Comenzile introduse for fi marcate in <span style="color:#f00">'''bold'''</span>:

<blockquote>
Atentie !!!<br>
Pentru partitioanarea si formatarea disk-urilor mai mari de 2TB se va folosii utilitarul Parted
</blockquote>

<code class="mw-code mw-highlight plainlinks" style="display:block"><!--
--># <span style="color:#f00">'''fdisk /dev/sdb'''</span>
&#32;
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.37.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
&#32;
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x94288925.
&#32;
Command (m for help): <span style="color:#f00">'''n'''</span>
Partition type
&#32;  p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
&#32;  e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): <span style="color:#f00">'''p'''</span>
Partition number (1-4, default 1): <span style="color:#f00">'''1'''</span>
First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048): <span style="color:#f00"><--ENTER</span>
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-20971519, default 20971519): <span style="color:#f00"><--ENTER</span>
&#32;
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 10 GiB.
&#32;
Command (m for help): <span style="color:#f00">'''t'''</span>
Selected partition 1
Hex code or alias (type L to list all): <span style="color:#f00">'''8e'''</span>
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'.
&#32;
Command (m for help): <span style="color:#f00">'''w'''</span>
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
</code>

==== Partitionare si Formatare cu parted ====
<code class="mw-code mw-highlight plainlinks" style="display:block"><!--
-->&#32;to be added
</code>

==== Adaugare disk la nivel de OS ====

Dupa partitionarea la nivel de disk, creem partitia la nivel de OS:

<code class="mw-code mw-highlight plainlinks" style="display:block"><!--
--># pvcreate /dev/sdb1
&#32; Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
</code>

Facem o noua listare pentru a fi siguri ca partitia a fost adaugata:

<code class="mw-code mw-highlight plainlinks" style="display:block"><!--
--># lsblk
NAME                      MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
......
sda                         8:0    0    20G  0 disk
├─sda1                      8:1    0     1M  0 part
├─sda2                      8:2    0   1.8G  0 part /boot
└─sda3                      8:3    0  18.2G  0 part
&#32; └─ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 253:0    0  18.2G  0 lvm  /
sdb                         8:16   0    10G  0 disk
'''└─sdb1                      8:17   0    10G  0 part'''
......
</code>

=== Creare volume group si logical volume ===

In continuare vom adauga pe noul disk un grup vg_wiki si doua volume logice lv_wiki_1 respectiv lv_wiki_2. Din cauza hearede-lor ce se scriu pe disk, partitia finala nu va fi de exact 10GB, motiv pentru care vom creea un LV de 6GB iar celui de al doi-lea LV ii vom aloca spatiul ramas <4GB:

==== Creeare VG ====

<code class="mw-code mw-highlight plainlinks" style="display:block"><!--
--># vgcreate vg_wiki /dev/sdb1
&#32; Volume group "vg_wiki" successfully created
</code>

Afisarea info grupului vg_wiki:

<code class="mw-code mw-highlight plainlinks" style="display:block"><!--
--># vgdisplay vg_wiki
&#32; --- Volume group ---
&#32; '''VG Name               vg_wiki'''
&#32; System ID
&#32; Format                lvm2
&#32; Metadata Areas        1
&#32; Metadata Sequence No  1
&#32; VG Access             read/write
&#32; '''VG Status             resizable'''
&#32; MAX LV                0
&#32; Cur LV                0
&#32; Open LV               0
&#32; Max PV                0
&#32; Cur PV                1
&#32; Act PV                1
&#32; '''VG Size               <10.00 GiB'''
&#32; PE Size               4.00 MiB
&#32; Total PE              2559
&#32; Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0
&#32; Free  PE / Size       2559 / <10.00 GiB
&#32; VG UUID               PHAdU8-r8h2-vG36-gGMU-1ydU-nfgc-CREym8
</code>

==== Creeare LV ====

In interiorul grupului mai sus creeat vom ceea doua volume logice numite lv_wiki_1 si lv_wiki_2
lv_wiki_1 va avea o dimensiune de 6GB si va fi inclus in vg_wiki:

<code class="mw-code mw-highlight plainlinks" style="display:block"><!--
--># lvcreate -n lv_wiki_1 -L 6G vg_wiki
&#32; Logical volume "lv_wiki_1" created.
</code>

Vom afisa informatiile noului volum:

<code class="mw-code mw-highlight plainlinks" style="display:block"><!--
--># lvdisplay vg_wiki/lv_wiki_1
&#32; --- Logical volume ---
&#32; '''LV Path                /dev/vg_wiki/lv_wiki_1'''
&#32; LV Name                lv_wiki_1
&#32; VG Name                vg_wiki
&#32; LV UUID                734OGs-T40C-Swmg-p7Tb-uc7M-LeYA-mBa6iB
&#32; LV Write Access        read/write
&#32; LV Creation host, time docker, 2023-04-14 15:40:48 +0000
&#32; LV Status              available
&#32; # open                 0
&#32; '''LV Size                6.00 GiB'''
&#32; Current LE             1536
&#32; Segments               1
&#32; Allocation             inherit
&#32; Read ahead sectors     auto
&#32; - currently set to     256
&#32; Block device           253:1
</code>

Din cauza inexactitatilor prezentate anterior, cel de-al doi-lea volum va avea aprox. 4GB  si va fi inclus in vg_wiki. Din header-elor de disk ii vom aloca lui lv_wiki_2 spatiul ramas disponibil dupa ceerea lui lv_wiki_1:

<code class="mw-code mw-highlight plainlinks" style="display:block"><!--
--># lvcreate -l 100%FREE -n lv_wiki_2 vg_wiki
&#32; Logical volume "lv_wiki_2" created.
</code>

Vom afisa informatiile noului volum:

Facem o noua listare pentru a fi siguri ca partitia a fost adaugata:

<code class="mw-code mw-highlight plainlinks" style="display:block"><!--
--># lvdisplay vg_wiki/lv_wiki_2
&#32; --- Logical volume ---
&#32; '''LV Path                /dev/vg_wiki/lv_wiki_2'''
&#32; LV Name                lv_wiki_2
&#32; VG Name                vg_wiki
&#32; LV UUID                BpjFe1-4tcQ-u3f7-nDfd-yVrv-zYFc-8I8CRy
&#32; LV Write Access        read/write
&#32; LV Creation host, time docker, 2023-04-14 15:42:59 +0000
&#32; LV Status              available
&#32; # open                 0
&#32; '''LV Size                <4.00 GiB'''
&#32; Current LE             1023
&#32; Segments               1
&#32; Allocation             inherit
&#32; Read ahead sectors     auto
&#32; - currently set to     256
&#32; Block device           253:2
</code>

==== Scriere File System ====

Pe fiecare dintre cele doua LV-uri create vom marca filesystem-ul, in cazul de fata vom folosi ext4
Pentru creearea lul lv_wiki_1 vom executa:

<code class="mw-code mw-highlight plainlinks" style="display:block"><!--
--># <span style="color:#f00">'''mkfs -t ext4 -v /dev/vg_wiki/lv_wiki_1'''</span>
mke2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021)
fs_types for mke2fs.conf resolution: 'ext4'
Discarding device blocks: done
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
393216 inodes, 1572864 blocks
78643 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1610612736
48 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Filesystem UUID: da82776f-41ba-453d-a7c6-4e6ca5b48164
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
&#32;       32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
&#32;
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
</code>

Iar pentru creearea lui lv_wiki_2 executam:

<code class="mw-code mw-highlight plainlinks" style="display:block"><!--
--># <span style="color:#f00">'''mkfs -t ext4 -v /dev/vg_wiki/lv_wiki_2'''</span>
mke2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021)
fs_types for mke2fs.conf resolution: 'ext4'
Discarding device blocks: done
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
262144 inodes, 1047552 blocks
52377 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1073741824
32 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Filesystem UUID: 129fbbee-e190-4a49-aa8f-ebdffb56c7bb
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
&#32;        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
&#32;
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
</code>

La final verificam corectitudinea disk-urilor:

<code class="mw-code mw-highlight plainlinks" style="display:block"><!--
--># lsblk
NAME                      MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
.....
sda                         8:0    0    20G  0 disk
├─sda1                      8:1    0     1M  0 part
├─sda2                      8:2    0   1.8G  0 part /boot
└─sda3                      8:3    0  18.2G  0 part
&#32; └─ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 253:0    0  18.2G  0 lvm  /
sdb                         8:16   0    10G  0 disk
└─sdb1                      8:17   0    10G  0 part
&#32; '''├─vg_wiki-lv_wiki_1     253:1    0     6G  0 lvm'''
&#32; '''└─vg_wiki-lv_wiki_2     253:2    0     4G  0 lvm'''
.....
</code>

=== Montarea diskurilor la nivel de system de operare ===
Pentru inserarea disk-urilor in systemul de operare vom creea doua directoare si vom edita fstab astfel incat cele doua discuri sa fie montate automat de catre OS in cazul lnui restart

==== Creeare directoare ====

Discurile vor fi adaugate in directorul /wiki, subdirectoarele lv1 respectiv lv2:

<code class="mw-code mw-highlight plainlinks" style="display:block"><!--
-->&#32;# mkdir /wiki
&#32;# mkdir /wiki/lv1
&#32;# mkdir /wiki/lv2
</code>

Structura rezultata fiind urmatoarea:

<code class="mw-code mw-highlight plainlinks" style="display:block"><!--
--># tree /wiki/
&#32;/wiki/
&#32; ├── lv1
&#32; └── lv2
&#32;2 directories, 0 files
</code>

==== Colectare informatii despre partitii ====

In fisierul de boot fstab, partiile pot fi montate in funtie de:

PATH

<code class="mw-code mw-highlight plainlinks" style="display:block"><!--
-->&#32;# <span style="color:#f00">'''ll /dev/vg_wiki/lv_wiki_1'''</span>
&#32;lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Apr 14 15:56 /dev/vg_wiki/lv_wiki_1 -> ../dm-1
&#32;# <span style="color:#f00">'''ll /dev/vg_wiki/lv_wiki_2'''</span>
&#32;lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Apr 14 15:56 /dev/vg_wiki/lv_wiki_2 -> ../dm-2
</code>

MAPPER

<code class="mw-code mw-highlight plainlinks" style="display:block"><!--
-->&#32;# <span style="color:#f00">'''ll /dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_1'''</span>
&#32;lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Apr 14 15:56 /dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_1 -> ../dm-1
&#32;# <span style="color:#f00">'''ll /dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_2'''</span>
&#32;lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Apr 14 15:56 /dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_2 -> ../dm-2
</code>

DISK ID

Facem o noua listare pentru a fi siguri ca partitia a fost adaugata:
<code class="mw-code mw-highlight plainlinks" style="display:block"><!--
-->&#32;# <span style="color:#f00">'''blkid /dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_1'''</span>
&#32;/dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_1: UUID="da82776f-41ba-453d-a7c6-4e6ca5b48164" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4"
&#32;# <span style="color:#f00">'''blkid /dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_2'''</span>
&#32;/dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_2: UUID="129fbbee-e190-4a49-aa8f-ebdffb56c7bb" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4"
</code>

==== Montare partitii ====

In acest stadiu putem deja monta petitiile in systemul de operare folosind comenzile:
<code class="mw-code mw-highlight plainlinks" style="display:block"><!--
-->&#32;# mount /dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_1 /wiki/lv1
&#32;# mount /dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_2 /wiki/lv2
</code>

Pentru ca montarea sa se executa automat in cazul unui restart vom edita fisierul fstab:

<code class="mw-code mw-highlight plainlinks" style="display:block"><!--
-->nano /etc/fstab
</code>

Aici vom adauga mount-pointurile in functie de modul in care se doreste:

<code class="mw-code mw-highlight plainlinks" style="display:block"><!--
-->### mapare dupa path
/dev/vg_wiki/lv_wiki_1	/wiki/lv1	ext4	defaults	0	1
/dev/vg_wiki/lv_wiki_2	/wiki/lv2	ext4	defaults	0	1
</code>

<code class="mw-code mw-highlight plainlinks" style="display:block"><!--
-->### mapare conform mapper
/dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_1	/wiki/lv1	ext4	defaults	0	1
/dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_2	/wiki/lv2	ext4	defaults	0	1
</code>

<code class="mw-code mw-highlight plainlinks" style="display:block"><!--
-->### mapare dupa id-ul disk-ului
UUID=da82776f-41ba-453d-a7c6-4e6ca5b48164	/wiki/lv1	ext4	defaults	0	1
UUID=129fbbee-e190-4a49-aa8f-ebdffb56c7bb	/wiki/lv2	ext4	defaults	0	1
</code>

Daca nu am montat deja partitiile manual vom face montarea partitiilor folosind comanda:

<code class="mw-code mw-highlight plainlinks" style="display:block"><!--
--># mount -a
</code>

La final vom avea o structura de disk-uri asemanatoare cu:

<code class="mw-code mw-highlight plainlinks" style="display:block"><!--
--># df -h
Filesystem                         Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
.....
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv   18G  5.7G   12G  34% /
/dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_1      5.9G   24K  5.6G   1% /wiki/lv1
/dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_2      3.9G   24K  3.7G   1% /wiki/lv2
.....
</code>