Adaugare Disk

Adaugare disk live in Ubuntu 2X.04 LTS

Cu serverul pornit verificam care sunt disk-urile atasate si ce partitii sunt prezente:

# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS ...... sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1M 0 part ├─sda2 8:2 0 1.8G 0 part /boot └─sda3 8:3 0 18.2G 0 part └─ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 253:0 0 18.2G 0 lvm / ......

Adaugare HDD

Procedam la introducerea noului disk virtual in hypervisor (ex Proxmox VM):

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Fara a restarta masina virtuala si fara a fi nevoie de rescanarea interfetelor scsi, noul disk apare in OS:

# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS ...... sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1M 0 part ├─sda2 8:2 0 1.8G 0 part /boot └─sda3 8:3 0 18.2G 0 part └─ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 253:0 0 18.2G 0 lvm / sdb 8:16 0 10G 0 disk ......

Partitionare si Formatare cu fisk

Pentru partitionarea si formatarea sdb vom folosi in ceea ce urmeaza utilitarul fDisk. Comenzile introduse for fi marcate in bold:

Atentie !!!
Pentru partitioanarea si formatarea disk-urilor mai mari de 2TB se va folosii utilitarul Parted

# fdisk /dev/sdb Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.37.2). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Device does not contain a recognized partition table. Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x94288925. Command (m for help): n Partition type p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extended (container for logical partitions) Select (default p): p Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048): <--ENTER Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-20971519, default 20971519): <--ENTER Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 10 GiB. Command (m for help): t Selected partition 1 Hex code or alias (type L to list all): 8e Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'. Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered. Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.

Partitionare si Formatare cu parted

to be added

Adaugare disk la nivel de OS

Dupa partitionarea la nivel de disk, creem partitia la nivel de OS:

# pvcreate /dev/sdb1 Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.

Facem o noua listare pentru a fi siguri ca partitia a fost adaugata:

# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS ...... sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1M 0 part ├─sda2 8:2 0 1.8G 0 part /boot └─sda3 8:3 0 18.2G 0 part └─ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 253:0 0 18.2G 0 lvm / sdb 8:16 0 10G 0 disk └─sdb1 8:17 0 10G 0 part ......

Creare volume group si logical volume

In continuare vom adauga pe noul disk un grup vg_wiki si doua volume logice lv_wiki_1 respectiv lv_wiki_2. Din cauza hearede-lor ce se scriu pe disk, partitia finala nu va fi de exact 10GB, motiv pentru care vom creea un LV de 6GB iar celui de al doi-lea LV ii vom aloca spatiul ramas <4GB:

Creeare VG

# vgcreate vg_wiki /dev/sdb1 Volume group "vg_wiki" successfully created

Afisarea info grupului vg_wiki:

# vgdisplay vg_wiki --- Volume group --- VG Name vg_wiki System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 1 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 0 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size <10.00 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 2559 Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0 Free PE / Size 2559 / <10.00 GiB VG UUID PHAdU8-r8h2-vG36-gGMU-1ydU-nfgc-CREym8

Creeare LV

In interiorul grupului mai sus creeat vom ceea doua volume logice numite lv_wiki_1 si lv_wiki_2 lv_wiki_1 va avea o dimensiune de 6GB si va fi inclus in vg_wiki:

# lvcreate -n lv_wiki_1 -L 6G vg_wiki Logical volume "lv_wiki_1" created.

Vom afisa informatiile noului volum:

# lvdisplay vg_wiki/lv_wiki_1 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/vg_wiki/lv_wiki_1 LV Name lv_wiki_1 VG Name vg_wiki LV UUID 734OGs-T40C-Swmg-p7Tb-uc7M-LeYA-mBa6iB LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time docker, 2023-04-14 15:40:48 +0000 LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 6.00 GiB Current LE 1536 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:1

Din cauza inexactitatilor prezentate anterior, cel de-al doi-lea volum va avea aprox. 4GB si va fi inclus in vg_wiki. Din header-elor de disk ii vom aloca lui lv_wiki_2 spatiul ramas disponibil dupa ceerea lui lv_wiki_1:

# lvcreate -l 100%FREE -n lv_wiki_2 vg_wiki Logical volume "lv_wiki_2" created.

Vom afisa informatiile noului volum:

Facem o noua listare pentru a fi siguri ca partitia a fost adaugata:

# lvdisplay vg_wiki/lv_wiki_2 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/vg_wiki/lv_wiki_2 LV Name lv_wiki_2 VG Name vg_wiki LV UUID BpjFe1-4tcQ-u3f7-nDfd-yVrv-zYFc-8I8CRy LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time docker, 2023-04-14 15:42:59 +0000 LV Status available # open 0 LV Size <4.00 GiB Current LE 1023 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:2

Scriere File System

Pe fiecare dintre cele doua LV-uri create vom marca filesystem-ul, in cazul de fata vom folosi ext4 Pentru creearea lul lv_wiki_1 vom executa:

# mkfs -t ext4 -v /dev/vg_wiki/lv_wiki_1 mke2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) fs_types for mke2fs.conf resolution: 'ext4' Discarding device blocks: done Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 393216 inodes, 1572864 blocks 78643 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=1610612736 48 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Filesystem UUID: da82776f-41ba-453d-a7c6-4e6ca5b48164 Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (16384 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

Iar pentru creearea lui lv_wiki_2 executam:

# mkfs -t ext4 -v /dev/vg_wiki/lv_wiki_2 mke2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) fs_types for mke2fs.conf resolution: 'ext4' Discarding device blocks: done Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 262144 inodes, 1047552 blocks 52377 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=1073741824 32 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Filesystem UUID: 129fbbee-e190-4a49-aa8f-ebdffb56c7bb Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (16384 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

La final verificam corectitudinea disk-urilor:

# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS ..... sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1M 0 part ├─sda2 8:2 0 1.8G 0 part /boot └─sda3 8:3 0 18.2G 0 part └─ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 253:0 0 18.2G 0 lvm / sdb 8:16 0 10G 0 disk └─sdb1 8:17 0 10G 0 part ├─vg_wiki-lv_wiki_1 253:1 0 6G 0 lvm └─vg_wiki-lv_wiki_2 253:2 0 4G 0 lvm .....

Montarea diskurilor la nivel de system de operare

Pentru inserarea disk-urilor in systemul de operare vom creea doua directoare si vom edita fstab astfel incat cele doua discuri sa fie montate automat de catre OS in cazul lnui restart

Creeare directoare

Discurile vor fi adaugate in directorul /wiki, subdirectoarele lv1 respectiv lv2:

# mkdir /wiki # mkdir /wiki/lv1 # mkdir /wiki/lv2

Structura rezultata fiind urmatoarea:

# tree /wiki/ /wiki/ ├── lv1 └── lv2 2 directories, 0 files

Colectare informatii despre partitii

In fisierul de boot fstab, partiile pot fi montate in funtie de:

PATH

# ll /dev/vg_wiki/lv_wiki_1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Apr 14 15:56 /dev/vg_wiki/lv_wiki_1 -> ../dm-1 # ll /dev/vg_wiki/lv_wiki_2 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Apr 14 15:56 /dev/vg_wiki/lv_wiki_2 -> ../dm-2

MAPPER

# ll /dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Apr 14 15:56 /dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_1 -> ../dm-1 # ll /dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_2 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Apr 14 15:56 /dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_2 -> ../dm-2

DISK ID

Facem o noua listare pentru a fi siguri ca partitia a fost adaugata: # blkid /dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_1 /dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_1: UUID="da82776f-41ba-453d-a7c6-4e6ca5b48164" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" # blkid /dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_2 /dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_2: UUID="129fbbee-e190-4a49-aa8f-ebdffb56c7bb" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4"

Montare partitii

In acest stadiu putem deja monta petitiile in systemul de operare folosind comenzile: # mount /dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_1 /wiki/lv1 # mount /dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_2 /wiki/lv2

Pentru ca montarea sa se executa automat in cazul unui restart vom edita fisierul fstab:

nano /etc/fstab

Aici vom adauga mount-pointurile in functie de modul in care se doreste:

### mapare dupa path /dev/vg_wiki/lv_wiki_1 /wiki/lv1 ext4 defaults 0 1 /dev/vg_wiki/lv_wiki_2 /wiki/lv2 ext4 defaults 0 1

### mapare conform mapper /dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_1 /wiki/lv1 ext4 defaults 0 1 /dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_2 /wiki/lv2 ext4 defaults 0 1

### mapare dupa id-ul disk-ului UUID=da82776f-41ba-453d-a7c6-4e6ca5b48164 /wiki/lv1 ext4 defaults 0 1 UUID=129fbbee-e190-4a49-aa8f-ebdffb56c7bb /wiki/lv2 ext4 defaults 0 1

Daca nu am montat deja partitiile manual vom face montarea partitiilor folosind comanda:

# mount -a

La final vom avea o structura de disk-uri asemanatoare cu:

# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on ..... /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 18G 5.7G 12G 34% / /dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_1 5.9G 24K 5.6G 1% /wiki/lv1 /dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_2 3.9G 24K 3.7G 1% /wiki/lv2 .....