Adaugare Disk
Adaugare disk live in Ubuntu 2X.04 LTS[edit | edit source]
Cu serverul pornit verificam care sunt disk-urile atasate si ce partitii sunt prezente:
# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
......
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1M 0 part
├─sda2 8:2 0 1.8G 0 part /boot
└─sda3 8:3 0 18.2G 0 part
└─ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 253:0 0 18.2G 0 lvm /
......
Adaugare HDD[edit | edit source]
Procedam la introducerea noului disk virtual in hypervisor (ex Proxmox VM):
Fara a restarta masina virtuala si fara a fi nevoie de rescanarea interfetelor scsi, noul disk apare in OS:
# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
......
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1M 0 part
├─sda2 8:2 0 1.8G 0 part /boot
└─sda3 8:3 0 18.2G 0 part
└─ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 253:0 0 18.2G 0 lvm /
sdb 8:16 0 10G 0 disk
......
Partitionare si Formatare cu fisk[edit | edit source]
Pentru partitionarea si formatarea sdb vom folosi in ceea ce urmeaza utilitarul fDisk. Comenzile introduse for fi marcate in bold:
Atentie !!!
Pentru partitioanarea si formatarea disk-urilor mai mari de 2TB se va folosii utilitarul Parted
# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.37.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x94288925.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048): <--ENTER
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-20971519, default 20971519): <--ENTER
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 10 GiB.
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code or alias (type L to list all): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
Partitionare si Formatare cu parted[edit | edit source]
to be added
Adaugare disk la nivel de OS[edit | edit source]
Dupa partitionarea la nivel de disk, creem partitia la nivel de OS:
# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
Facem o noua listare pentru a fi siguri ca partitia a fost adaugata:
# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
......
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1M 0 part
├─sda2 8:2 0 1.8G 0 part /boot
└─sda3 8:3 0 18.2G 0 part
└─ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 253:0 0 18.2G 0 lvm /
sdb 8:16 0 10G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 10G 0 part
......
Creare volume group si logical volume[edit | edit source]
In continuare vom adauga pe noul disk un grup vg_wiki si doua volume logice lv_wiki_1 respectiv lv_wiki_2. Din cauza hearede-lor ce se scriu pe disk, partitia finala nu va fi de exact 10GB, motiv pentru care vom creea un LV de 6GB iar celui de al doi-lea LV ii vom aloca spatiul ramas <4GB:
Creeare VG[edit | edit source]
# vgcreate vg_wiki /dev/sdb1
Volume group "vg_wiki" successfully created
Afisarea info grupului vg_wiki:
# vgdisplay vg_wiki
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg_wiki
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size <10.00 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 2559
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 2559 / <10.00 GiB
VG UUID PHAdU8-r8h2-vG36-gGMU-1ydU-nfgc-CREym8
Creeare LV[edit | edit source]
In interiorul grupului mai sus creeat vom ceea doua volume logice numite lv_wiki_1 si lv_wiki_2 lv_wiki_1 va avea o dimensiune de 6GB si va fi inclus in vg_wiki:
# lvcreate -n lv_wiki_1 -L 6G vg_wiki
Logical volume "lv_wiki_1" created.
Vom afisa informatiile noului volum:
# lvdisplay vg_wiki/lv_wiki_1
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vg_wiki/lv_wiki_1
LV Name lv_wiki_1
VG Name vg_wiki
LV UUID 734OGs-T40C-Swmg-p7Tb-uc7M-LeYA-mBa6iB
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time docker, 2023-04-14 15:40:48 +0000
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 6.00 GiB
Current LE 1536
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:1
Din cauza inexactitatilor prezentate anterior, cel de-al doi-lea volum va avea aprox. 4GB si va fi inclus in vg_wiki. Din header-elor de disk ii vom aloca lui lv_wiki_2 spatiul ramas disponibil dupa ceerea lui lv_wiki_1:
# lvcreate -l 100%FREE -n lv_wiki_2 vg_wiki
Logical volume "lv_wiki_2" created.
Vom afisa informatiile noului volum:
Facem o noua listare pentru a fi siguri ca partitia a fost adaugata:
# lvdisplay vg_wiki/lv_wiki_2
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vg_wiki/lv_wiki_2
LV Name lv_wiki_2
VG Name vg_wiki
LV UUID BpjFe1-4tcQ-u3f7-nDfd-yVrv-zYFc-8I8CRy
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time docker, 2023-04-14 15:42:59 +0000
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size <4.00 GiB
Current LE 1023
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:2
Scriere File System[edit | edit source]
Pe fiecare dintre cele doua LV-uri create vom marca filesystem-ul, in cazul de fata vom folosi ext4 Pentru creearea lul lv_wiki_1 vom executa:
# mkfs -t ext4 -v /dev/vg_wiki/lv_wiki_1
mke2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021)
fs_types for mke2fs.conf resolution: 'ext4'
Discarding device blocks: done
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
393216 inodes, 1572864 blocks
78643 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1610612736
48 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Filesystem UUID: da82776f-41ba-453d-a7c6-4e6ca5b48164
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
Iar pentru creearea lui lv_wiki_2 executam:
# mkfs -t ext4 -v /dev/vg_wiki/lv_wiki_2
mke2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021)
fs_types for mke2fs.conf resolution: 'ext4'
Discarding device blocks: done
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
262144 inodes, 1047552 blocks
52377 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1073741824
32 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Filesystem UUID: 129fbbee-e190-4a49-aa8f-ebdffb56c7bb
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
La final verificam corectitudinea disk-urilor:
# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
.....
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1M 0 part
├─sda2 8:2 0 1.8G 0 part /boot
└─sda3 8:3 0 18.2G 0 part
└─ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 253:0 0 18.2G 0 lvm /
sdb 8:16 0 10G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 10G 0 part
├─vg_wiki-lv_wiki_1 253:1 0 6G 0 lvm
└─vg_wiki-lv_wiki_2 253:2 0 4G 0 lvm
.....
Montarea diskurilor la nivel de system de operare[edit | edit source]
Pentru inserarea disk-urilor in systemul de operare vom creea doua directoare si vom edita fstab astfel incat cele doua discuri sa fie montate automat de catre OS in cazul lnui restart
Creeare directoare[edit | edit source]
Discurile vor fi adaugate in directorul /wiki, subdirectoarele lv1 respectiv lv2:
# mkdir /wiki
# mkdir /wiki/lv1
# mkdir /wiki/lv2
Structura rezultata fiind urmatoarea:
# tree /wiki/
/wiki/
├── lv1
└── lv2
2 directories, 0 files
Colectare informatii despre partitii[edit | edit source]
In fisierul de boot fstab, partiile pot fi montate in funtie de:
PATH
# ll /dev/vg_wiki/lv_wiki_1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Apr 14 15:56 /dev/vg_wiki/lv_wiki_1 -> ../dm-1
# ll /dev/vg_wiki/lv_wiki_2
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Apr 14 15:56 /dev/vg_wiki/lv_wiki_2 -> ../dm-2
MAPPER
# ll /dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Apr 14 15:56 /dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_1 -> ../dm-1
# ll /dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_2
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Apr 14 15:56 /dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_2 -> ../dm-2
DISK ID
Facem o noua listare pentru a fi siguri ca partitia a fost adaugata:
# blkid /dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_1
/dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_1: UUID="da82776f-41ba-453d-a7c6-4e6ca5b48164" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4"
# blkid /dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_2
/dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_2: UUID="129fbbee-e190-4a49-aa8f-ebdffb56c7bb" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4"
Montare partitii[edit | edit source]
In acest stadiu putem deja monta petitiile in systemul de operare folosind comenzile:
# mount /dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_1 /wiki/lv1
# mount /dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_2 /wiki/lv2
Pentru ca montarea sa se executa automat in cazul unui restart vom edita fisierul fstab:
nano /etc/fstab
Aici vom adauga mount-pointurile in functie de modul in care se doreste:
### mapare dupa path
/dev/vg_wiki/lv_wiki_1 /wiki/lv1 ext4 defaults 0 1
/dev/vg_wiki/lv_wiki_2 /wiki/lv2 ext4 defaults 0 1
### mapare conform mapper
/dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_1 /wiki/lv1 ext4 defaults 0 1
/dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_2 /wiki/lv2 ext4 defaults 0 1
### mapare dupa id-ul disk-ului
UUID=da82776f-41ba-453d-a7c6-4e6ca5b48164 /wiki/lv1 ext4 defaults 0 1
UUID=129fbbee-e190-4a49-aa8f-ebdffb56c7bb /wiki/lv2 ext4 defaults 0 1
Daca nu am montat deja partitiile manual vom face montarea partitiilor folosind comanda:
# mount -a
La final vom avea o structura de disk-uri asemanatoare cu:
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
.....
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 18G 5.7G 12G 34% /
/dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_1 5.9G 24K 5.6G 1% /wiki/lv1
/dev/mapper/vg_wiki-lv_wiki_2 3.9G 24K 3.7G 1% /wiki/lv2
.....